Study on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Reinforced with Snail Shells
Levi Dooga,
Casimir Emmanuel Gimba,
Hamza Abba,
Abdulrahman Musa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
45-54
Received:
27 August 2023
Accepted:
12 September 2023
Published:
8 October 2023
Abstract: In this work, the authors melt blending method fabrication of the composites. The physico-chemical, morphological and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The test results showed that, there was an improvement at all level. The optimal impact strength and tensile strength of the studied composite were 3441.79 MPa and 6.021 MPa. The flexural strengt was noted to improve from 11.92 MPa to 16.79 MPa. The incorporation of Snail shells to PVC blends decreased the density from 1.34 gcm-1 to 1.18 gcm-1 while water intake was noted to decrease from 0.18% to 0.12%. The FTIR revealed OH, which is an indication of the material hydrophobic nature. The stretching vibration of aliphatic C-H in the PVC structure was at 2918.5 and 2855.1 cm−1 in the control PVC blends corresponds with. The C=C bond of aromatic functional group at; 1602.8 cm-1 in the composites. The FTIR examination of the control PVC had absorption band at 1423.8 cm−1 corresponding to –CH2 of methylene group. The absorption band 1453.7 cm−1 corresponds with –CH2. It can also be observed that, the control PVC blend showed no absorption band that corresponds with –CH3. This is due to absence of a methyl group in the structure of polyvinyl chloride. The absorption band noticed in all the samples is that of absorption peaks of 697.0 and 752.9 cm-1 which corresponds to C-Cl bond which represents a chloride functional group in PVC. The SEM analysis showed that, the Snail Shell were uniformly dispersed in the polymer blends and, explained the improved mechanical properties observed in the study.
Abstract: In this work, the authors melt blending method fabrication of the composites. The physico-chemical, morphological and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The test results showed that, there was an improvement at all level. The optimal impact strength and tensile strength of the studied composite were 3441.79 MPa and 6.021 MPa...
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Research Article
Alkyd Resin Synthesis from Mango Seed Oil (Mangifer Indica, Anacardiceae)
Ifeoma Perpetua Oragwu,
Joseph Onyebuchi Nwadiogbu,
Azubuike Jeremaih Okolo,
Chika Enujekwute,
Genevieve Adinnu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
55-62
Received:
7 July 2023
Accepted:
8 September 2023
Published:
28 October 2023
Abstract: Investigations were carried out on mango seed oil to analyze their suitability and extent of cross-linkage in alkyd resin synthesis. The oil was isolated from the seed kernel by soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane, characterized and used for bio-resin formulation. The oil yield, relative density, free fatty acid value, iodine value, and saponification value, etc, were carried out according to standard. Alcholysis and esterification processes were carried out in three neck flask (2000 ml), to convert the oil to alkyd resin. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the absorption peaks and formation of ester bonding sites at 11698 per centimeter, with the C=O stretching at 1240, 1221, 1188 per centimetre for C—O stretching frequency. A complete disappearance of the peak at 2920 per centimetre in the alkyd resin structure, and the appearance of the peak at 1240, 1221, 1188 per centimetre indicated occurrence of oil modification. The viscosity of 448cP compared well with the commercial grade having 457cP at temperature range between 25–33°C. Other parameters compared well to the commercial alkyd resin.
Abstract: Investigations were carried out on mango seed oil to analyze their suitability and extent of cross-linkage in alkyd resin synthesis. The oil was isolated from the seed kernel by soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane, characterized and used for bio-resin formulation. The oil yield, relative density, free fatty acid value, iodine value, and saponi...
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